Die Kirschen Von Wolfgang Borchert

Wolfgang Borchert's short story "Die Kirschen" (The Cherries) is a poignant and often studied piece of German post-war literature. Understanding the story's context, themes, and language can significantly enrich the experience of reading it. This article provides a clear and practical guide to "Die Kirschen," particularly for expats, newcomers to German literature, and anyone seeking a deeper comprehension of the text.

Context and Background

To fully appreciate "Die Kirschen," it’s crucial to understand the socio-historical backdrop against which it was written. Borchert was a soldier during World War II, suffering severe hardship and imprisonment. These experiences deeply impacted his writing, which is characterized by a stark realism and a focus on the suffering of ordinary people in the aftermath of war.

Germany in the late 1940s was a country devastated by war. Cities were in ruins, food was scarce, and the population faced immense hardship. Borchert's works often reflect this atmosphere of deprivation, loss, and the struggle for survival. His writing style, often referred to as Trümmerliteratur (literature of the rubble), aims to depict the raw reality of post-war Germany without embellishment or romanticization.

About the Author: Wolfgang Borchert

Wolfgang Borchert (1921-1947) was a German author and playwright who died at the young age of 26. Despite his short life, he left a significant mark on German literature. His works, including "Draußen vor der Tür" (The Man Outside) and numerous short stories, are known for their stark portrayal of war's consequences and the psychological trauma it inflicted. Borchert's own experiences as a soldier, his imprisonment, and his struggle with illness heavily influenced his writing. He is regarded as a key figure in the Trümmerliteratur movement.

Summary of "Die Kirschen"

The story revolves around a man named Becker who is returning home after a long absence, presumably from war or imprisonment. He carries a small bag of cherries for his young son, who he has not seen for a long time. The journey home is arduous, marked by the physical and emotional toll of the war. He encounters various obstacles and reminders of the devastation surrounding him.

Upon arriving at his apartment building, he finds it severely damaged. He climbs the stairs and is confronted with the poverty and hardship of his neighbors. Finally, he reaches his own apartment, where his wife is surprised and overjoyed to see him. However, the story takes a tragic turn when his wife informs him that their son died the previous week. The cherries, a symbol of hope and reunion, now represent a bitter irony and the profound loss Becker has suffered. The final image is of Becker standing silently with the cherries, a symbol of dashed hopes and the enduring pain of war.

Key Themes and Analysis

"Die Kirschen" explores several key themes, making it a powerful and enduring piece of literature:

• Loss and Trauma: The central theme is the devastating impact of war on individuals and families. Becker's loss of his son represents the countless losses suffered by families during and after the war. The story highlights the psychological trauma and emotional scars that remain long after the fighting has ceased.
• Hope and Disillusionment: The cherries symbolize hope for a happy reunion and a return to normalcy. However, this hope is brutally shattered by the news of his son's death. The story illustrates the disillusionment and despair that many experienced in post-war Germany.
• Survival and Resilience: Despite the overwhelming loss, the story also subtly hints at the resilience of the human spirit. While Becker is devastated, the ending suggests that he will somehow find the strength to continue. The wife's survival and continued efforts to maintain some semblance of normalcy also point to this resilience.
• The Impact of War on Innocence: The death of the child underscores the tragic impact of war on innocent lives. Children, who represent the future, are often the most vulnerable victims of conflict. The loss of the son signifies the loss of hope for a brighter future.

Language and Style

Borchert's writing style in "Die Kirschen" is characterized by its simplicity and directness. He avoids ornate language and focuses on conveying the raw emotions and experiences of his characters.

• Simple Sentence Structure: The use of short, simple sentences creates a sense of urgency and immediacy. This also reflects the fragmented nature of post-war life.
• Realistic Dialogue: The dialogue is realistic and unadorned, reflecting the everyday language of the characters. This contributes to the story's authenticity.
• Symbolism: The cherries are the most prominent symbol, representing hope, reunion, and ultimately, loss. The damaged building also symbolizes the destruction and devastation of war.
• Emphasis on Sensory Detail: Borchert uses vivid sensory details to create a strong sense of place and atmosphere. The descriptions of the ruined buildings, the hunger, and the cold all contribute to the story's impact.

Understanding Key Passages

Analyzing specific passages can provide deeper insights into the story's meaning. For example:

"Er hatte die Kirschen in der Rocktasche. Es waren die letzten. Er hatte sie für den Jungen aufgehoben." (He had the cherries in his coat pocket. They were the last ones. He had saved them for the boy.)

This passage highlights the significance of the cherries as a symbol of Becker's love and hope for his son. The fact that they are "the last ones" emphasizes their preciousness and the sacrifice he has made to bring them home.

"Der Junge ist gestorben. Vor einer Woche. Er war krank." (The boy is dead. A week ago. He was sick.)

This is the climax of the story, where Becker's hopes are shattered. The simplicity of the language underscores the profound tragedy of the moment. The information is delivered bluntly, without sentimentality, reflecting the harsh realities of post-war life.

How to Approach Reading "Die Kirschen"

Here are some practical tips for reading and understanding "Die Kirschen":

1. Read it slowly and carefully: Pay attention to the details and nuances of the language. Consider the implications of each sentence and how it contributes to the overall meaning.
2. Research the historical context: Understanding the socio-historical context of post-war Germany will enhance your appreciation of the story. Read about the Trümmerliteratur movement and the experiences of ordinary people during this period.
3. Consider the symbolism: Analyze the symbolism of the cherries, the ruined building, and other key elements of the story. How do these symbols contribute to the story's themes?
4. Reflect on the emotional impact: "Die Kirschen" is a deeply emotional story. Allow yourself to feel the sadness, loss, and despair that the characters experience.
5. Discuss the story with others: Talking about the story with others can help you gain new perspectives and deepen your understanding. Consider joining a book club or discussing the story with friends or classmates.

Why "Die Kirschen" Remains Relevant

Despite being written over 70 years ago, "Die Kirschen" remains relevant today because it explores universal themes of loss, hope, and the enduring impact of war. The story serves as a powerful reminder of the human cost of conflict and the importance of peace. It is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the enduring power of love and hope, even in the face of unimaginable tragedy. The stark realism and emotional honesty of Borchert's writing continue to resonate with readers around the world.

Furthermore, the story's themes of displacement, hardship, and the struggle for survival are relevant to contemporary issues such as refugee crises and the ongoing impact of armed conflicts around the globe. "Die Kirschen" serves as a valuable reminder of the importance of empathy, compassion, and understanding in a world often marked by violence and division.

By understanding the context, themes, and language of "Die Kirschen," readers can gain a deeper appreciation for this powerful and enduring work of literature and its continuing relevance in the 21st century. The story is more than just a piece of historical fiction; it is a poignant reflection on the human condition and the enduring power of hope amidst despair.