Indirekte Rede Englisch übungen Mit Lösungen

Die indirekte Rede (Reported Speech) ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der englischen Grammatik, besonders wenn man sich mit komplexeren Konversationen und Texten auseinandersetzt. Sie ermöglicht es, die Aussagen einer Person wiederzugeben, ohne ihre genauen Worte zu wiederholen. Dieser Artikel bietet eine umfassende Einführung in die indirekte Rede im Englischen, inklusive praktischer Übungen und Lösungen, um Ihr Verständnis zu festigen. Er richtet sich besonders an Deutschsprachige, die ihre Englischkenntnisse verbessern möchten.

Grundlagen der Indirekten Rede

Die indirekte Rede wird verwendet, um zu berichten, was jemand gesagt hat. Dabei wird die ursprüngliche Aussage (direkte Rede) in einen Nebensatz umgewandelt, der oft mit der Konjunktion that eingeleitet wird. In der Regel ändert sich die Zeitform des Verbs im Nebensatz. Beachten Sie, dass that oft weggelassen werden kann, besonders in informellen Kontexten.

Direkte Rede: "I am happy," she said.

Indirekte Rede: She said (that) she was happy.

Zeitformen-Verschiebungen (Tense Shift)

Die wichtigste Veränderung in der indirekten Rede ist die Verschiebung der Zeitformen. Diese Verschiebung tritt in Kraft, wenn das einleitende Verb (z.B. said, told, explained) in der Vergangenheit steht. Hier eine Übersicht der typischen Zeitformen-Verschiebungen:

• Simple Present → Simple Past: "I like pizza" → He said he liked pizza.
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous: "I am watching TV" → She said she was watching TV.
• Simple Past → Past Perfect: "I visited London" → They said they had visited London. (Oder: Simple Past bleibt Simple Past, wenn die Handlung noch relevant ist)
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect: "I have finished my work" → He said he had finished his work.
• Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous: "I was working" → She said she had been working.
• Past Perfect → Past Perfect: "I had finished" → He said he had finished (keine Änderung).
• will → would: "I will go to the party" → She said she would go to the party.
• can → could: "I can speak English" → He said he could speak English.
• may → might: "I may go" → She said she might go.
• must → had to: "I must go" → He said he had to go. (Oder: must bleibt must, wenn es eine allgemeine Wahrheit oder Pflicht ist.)

Weitere Veränderungen

Neben den Zeitformen müssen oft auch Pronomen, Orts- und Zeitangaben angepasst werden:

• Pronomen: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.
• this → that: "I want this book" → She said she wanted that book.
• these → those: "I like these flowers" → He said he liked those flowers.
• here → there: "I live here" → She said she lived there.
• now → then: "I am busy now" → He said he was busy then.
• today → that day: "I'm leaving today" -> She said she was leaving that day.
• tomorrow → the next day/the following day: "I will see you tomorrow" -> He said he would see me the next day/the following day.
• yesterday → the day before/the previous day: "I saw him yesterday" -> She said she had seen him the day before/the previous day.

Besondere Fälle

Aussagen mit unveränderter Zeitform

In einigen Fällen bleibt die Zeitform unverändert, auch wenn das einleitende Verb in der Vergangenheit steht:

• Allgemeine Wahrheiten: "The Earth is round" → He said the Earth is round.
• Fakten, die immer noch gelten: "I live in Berlin" → She said she lives in Berlin (wenn sie immer noch dort wohnt).
• Wenn das einleitende Verb im Present Simple, Present Perfect oder Future Simple steht: "He says he is tired" → He says he is tired. "He has said he is tired" -> He has said he is tired.

Fragen in der Indirekten Rede

Um Fragen in die indirekte Rede umzuwandeln, verwenden wir Verben wie ask, inquire, wonder, want to know. Ja/Nein-Fragen werden mit if oder whether eingeleitet. W-Fragen (who, what, where, when, why, how) behalten ihr Fragewort.

Direkte Rede (Ja/Nein-Frage): "Are you tired?" he asked.

Indirekte Rede: He asked if/whether I was tired.

Direkte Rede (W-Frage): "Where are you going?" she asked.

Indirekte Rede: She asked where I was going.

Beachten Sie, dass die Wortstellung in der indirekten Frage der einer normalen Aussage entspricht (Subjekt-Verb-Objekt).

Befehle und Bitten in der Indirekten Rede

Befehle und Bitten werden mit Verben wie tell, order, ask, request und dem Infinitiv gebildet.

Direkte Rede: "Close the door," he said.

Indirekte Rede: He told me to close the door.

Direkte Rede: "Please, help me," she said.

Indirekte Rede: She asked me to help her.

Übungen zur Indirekten Rede (mit Lösungen)

Im Folgenden finden Sie einige Übungen, um Ihr Verständnis der indirekten Rede zu testen. Versuchen Sie, die Sätze in die indirekte Rede umzuwandeln.

Übung 1: Zeitformen-Verschiebungen

1. Direkte Rede: "I am going to the cinema," she said.
2. Direkte Rede: "We visited Paris last year," they said.
3. Direkte Rede: "I have finished my homework," he said.
4. Direkte Rede: "I will call you later," she said.
5. Direkte Rede: "I can swim very well," he said.

Übung 2: Pronomen- und Orts-/Zeitangaben-Anpassung

1. Direkte Rede: "I like this dress," she said.
2. Direkte Rede: "I live here," he said.
3. Direkte Rede: "I am busy now," she said.
4. Direkte Rede: "I saw him yesterday," he said.
5. Direkte Rede: "I will see you tomorrow," she said.

Übung 3: Fragen in der Indirekten Rede

1. Direkte Rede: "Are you coming to the party?" he asked.
2. Direkte Rede: "Where do you live?" she asked.
3. Direkte Rede: "Why are you late?" he asked.
4. Direkte Rede: "Can you help me?" she asked.
5. Direkte Rede: "Have you ever been to Italy?" he asked.

Übung 4: Befehle und Bitten

1. Direkte Rede: "Be quiet," he said.
2. Direkte Rede: "Please, give me some water," she said.
3. Direkte Rede: "Don't open the window," he said.
4. Direkte Rede: "Help me with my homework," she said.
5. Direkte Rede: "Wash your hands," he said.

Lösungen zu den Übungen

Lösung zu Übung 1: Zeitformen-Verschiebungen

1. Indirekte Rede: She said (that) she was going to the cinema.
2. Indirekte Rede: They said (that) they had visited Paris last year. Oder: They said they visited Paris last year.
3. Indirekte Rede: He said (that) he had finished his homework.
4. Indirekte Rede: She said (that) she would call me later.
5. Indirekte Rede: He said (that) he could swim very well.

Lösung zu Übung 2: Pronomen- und Orts-/Zeitangaben-Anpassung

1. Indirekte Rede: She said (that) she liked that dress.
2. Indirekte Rede: He said (that) he lived there.
3. Indirekte Rede: She said (that) she was busy then.
4. Indirekte Rede: He said (that) he had seen him the day before/the previous day.
5. Indirekte Rede: She said (that) she would see me the next day/the following day.

Lösung zu Übung 3: Fragen in der Indirekten Rede

1. Indirekte Rede: He asked if/whether I was coming to the party.
2. Indirekte Rede: She asked where I lived.
3. Indirekte Rede: He asked why I was late.
4. Indirekte Rede: She asked if/whether I could help her.
5. Indirekte Rede: He asked if/whether I had ever been to Italy.

Lösung zu Übung 4: Befehle und Bitten

1. Indirekte Rede: He told me to be quiet.
2. Indirekte Rede: She asked me to give her some water.
3. Indirekte Rede: He told me not to open the window.
4. Indirekte Rede: She asked me to help her with her homework.
5. Indirekte Rede: He told them to wash their hands.

Merke: Die indirekte Rede mag anfangs kompliziert erscheinen, aber mit Übung und einem guten Verständnis der Regeln werden Sie sie bald beherrschen. Nutzen Sie diese Übungen und Lösungen, um Ihr Wissen zu festigen und Ihre Englischkenntnisse zu verbessern.