Liste Der Verben Mit Akkusativ

The accusative case (Akkusativ) in German grammar can be tricky for learners. Unlike English, German uses grammatical cases to indicate the function of a noun within a sentence. The accusative case is primarily used to mark the direct object of a verb. This means it identifies the person or thing that *receives* the action of the verb. Understanding which verbs require an accusative object is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences.

Identifying Accusative Verbs

There isn't a perfect, foolproof rule to determine whether a verb takes an accusative object; however, certain patterns and frequent verbs can be memorized. It's important to remember that some verbs can take both accusative and dative objects, but for this article, we will focus on verbs that commonly and frequently take only accusative objects.

A helpful question to ask is "Who or what is being [verb]ed?" If the answer is a noun or pronoun, that noun or pronoun will likely be in the accusative case. For example:

Ich lese ein Buch. (I am reading a book.)

Here, the verb "lesen" (to read) acts upon "ein Buch" (a book). "Ein Buch" is the direct object and is therefore in the accusative case.

Common Accusative Verbs: A Detailed List

Below is a list of common German verbs that typically take an accusative object. It's important to note that context can sometimes influence the case required, but these verbs almost always require an accusative object:

haben (to have): Ich habe ein Auto. (I have a car.)
brauchen (to need): Ich brauche Geld. (I need money.)
essen (to eat): Ich esse einen Apfel. (I am eating an apple.)
trinken (to drink): Ich trinke Wasser. (I am drinking water.)
lesen (to read): Ich lese die Zeitung. (I am reading the newspaper.)
schreiben (to write): Ich schreibe einen Brief. (I am writing a letter.)
sehen (to see): Ich sehe einen Mann. (I see a man.)
hören (to hear): Ich höre Musik. (I hear music.)
finden (to find): Ich finde den Schlüssel. (I find the key.)
machen (to make, to do): Ich mache meine Hausaufgaben. (I am doing my homework.)
kaufen (to buy): Ich kaufe ein Haus. (I am buying a house.)
verkaufen (to sell): Ich verkaufe mein Fahrrad. (I am selling my bicycle.)
lieben (to love): Ich liebe dich. (I love you.)
hassen (to hate): Ich hasse Spinat. (I hate spinach.)
suchen (to search for): Ich suche meinen Pass. (I am looking for my passport.)
fragen (to ask (someone a question)): Ich frage den Lehrer. (I am asking the teacher.)
bezahlen (to pay): Ich bezahle die Rechnung. (I am paying the bill.)
besuchen (to visit): Ich besuche meine Oma. (I am visiting my grandma.)
anrufen (to call (on the phone)): Ich rufe meinen Freund an. (I am calling my friend.)
bestellen (to order): Ich bestelle eine Pizza. (I am ordering a pizza.)
reparieren (to repair): Ich repariere das Auto. (I am repairing the car.)
putzen (to clean): Ich putze die Wohnung. (I am cleaning the apartment.)
öffnen (to open): Ich öffne die Tür. (I am opening the door.)
schließen (to close): Ich schließe das Fenster. (I am closing the window.)
waschen (to wash): Ich wasche das Auto. (I wash the car.)
wünschen (to wish): Ich wünsche dir Glück. (I wish you luck.)
zeigen (to show): Ich zeige dir das Foto. (I show you the photo. Note: can also take a dative object.)
nehmen (to take): Ich nehme den Bus. (I take the bus.)
bekommen (to receive, to get): Ich bekomme ein Geschenk. (I receive a gift.)
essen (to eat): Ich esse einen Kuchen. (I eat a cake.)
treffen (to meet): Ich treffe meinen Freund. (I meet my friend.)
verstehen (to understand): Ich verstehe die Frage. (I understand the question.)
lernen (to learn): Ich lerne Deutsch. (I am learning German.)
lehren (to teach): Der Lehrer lehrt die Kinder. (The teacher teaches the children.)
studieren (to study): Ich studiere Medizin. (I am studying medicine.)
spielen (to play (an instrument or a game)): Ich spiele Gitarre. (I play guitar.) Wir spielen Fußball. (We play soccer.)

Verbs with Separable Prefixes

Many verbs with separable prefixes also require an accusative object. Remember that the prefix separates from the verb in main clauses and moves to the end of the sentence.

anmachen (to turn on): Ich mache das Licht an. (I turn on the light.)
ausmachen (to turn off): Ich mache das Licht aus. (I turn off the light.)
aufmachen (to open): Ich mache die Tür auf. (I open the door.)
zumachen (to close): Ich mache das Fenster zu. (I close the window.)
einladen (to invite): Ich lade dich ein. (I invite you.)

Reflexive Verbs and the Accusative

Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and object are the same. In German, many reflexive verbs take an accusative reflexive pronoun (mich, dich, sich, uns, euch, sich). While technically the reflexive pronoun acts as the accusative object, it's important to recognize these verbs.

sich waschen (to wash oneself): Ich wasche mich. (I wash myself.)
sich kämmen (to comb one's hair): Ich kämme mich. (I comb my hair.)
sich anziehen (to get dressed): Ich ziehe mich an. (I get dressed.)
sich ausziehen (to get undressed): Ich ziehe mich aus. (I get undressed.)

Accusative Prepositions

Certain prepositions always govern the accusative case. This means that any noun phrase following these prepositions will be in the accusative case. It's crucial to learn these prepositions alongside the accusative verbs. Common accusative prepositions include:

durch (through): durch den Wald (through the forest)
für (for): für dich (for you)
ohne (without): ohne Geld (without money)
um (around, at (time)): um den Tisch (around the table), um 8 Uhr (at 8 o'clock)
gegen (against, towards): gegen die Wand (against the wall), gegen Abend (towards evening)
entlang (along): den Fluss entlang (along the river) - Note: Usually follows the noun.

Tips for Learning and Remembering

Mastering the accusative case takes time and practice. Here are some tips to help you learn and remember accusative verbs:

Flashcards: Create flashcards with the verb on one side and example sentences with the accusative object on the other.
Practice: Practice writing your own sentences using the verbs from the list.
Read: Read German texts and pay attention to how the accusative case is used.
Listen: Listen to German conversations and identify accusative verbs and their objects.
Use a Grammar App: Many grammar apps offer exercises specifically focused on the accusative case.
Context is Key: Always consider the context of the sentence. While these verbs usually take an accusative object, there can be exceptions.
Don't be afraid to make mistakes: Mistakes are a part of the learning process. Learn from them and keep practicing!

Conclusion

Understanding which verbs take an accusative object is essential for accurate and fluent German communication. While memorizing lists is helpful, actively engaging with the language through reading, writing, and speaking will solidify your understanding. By practicing and paying attention to the context, you can confidently navigate the complexities of the accusative case and improve your overall German proficiency. Remember to focus on frequently used verbs first and gradually expand your knowledge. Good luck with your German studies! Viel Erfolg!