Verben Mit Zu + Infinitiv Liste Pdf

The German language often presents unique challenges for learners, and one of these is mastering the use of verbs with "zu + Infinitiv". This grammatical construction allows you to express a variety of ideas, from intentions and possibilities to obligations and expectations. Understanding which verbs commonly take "zu + Infinitiv" and how to use them correctly is crucial for building fluency and expressing yourself accurately. While memorizing lists can seem daunting, this article aims to provide a clear understanding of this grammatical concept and equip you with the knowledge to identify and use these verbs effectively.

What is "Zu + Infinitiv"?

The "zu + Infinitiv" construction is essentially an infinitive clause that functions as a noun in the sentence. Think of it as a way of embedding a verb within another verb's structure. "Zu" is a preposition that, in this case, connects the main verb to the infinitive. The infinitive form of the verb is the base form (e.g., gehen - to go, essen - to eat, schreiben - to write).

Basic Structure: Main Verb + (Object) + zu + Infinitive

Example: Ich versuche, Deutsch zu lernen. (I am trying to learn German.)

In this example, "versuchen" (to try) is the main verb, and "Deutsch zu lernen" (to learn German) is the infinitive clause functioning as the object of "versuchen."

Why Use "Zu + Infinitiv"?

The "zu + Infinitiv" construction offers a concise and elegant way to express complex ideas. It avoids the need for a full subordinate clause (using words like dass or weil) in many cases, leading to smoother and more natural-sounding sentences. It can also express nuance and intention more effectively than other grammatical structures.

Common Verbs that Take "Zu + Infinitiv"

While there isn't a single, definitive list, certain verbs appear frequently with "zu + Infinitiv." Here's a breakdown of some of the most important categories, along with examples:

Verbs of Intention, Desire, and Expectation

versuchen (to try): Ich versuche, pünktlich zu sein. (I am trying to be on time.)
beginnen (to begin): Er beginnt, das Buch zu lesen. (He begins to read the book.)
planen (to plan): Wir planen, in den Urlaub zu fahren. (We are planning to go on vacation.)
hoffen (to hope): Ich hoffe, dich bald zu sehen. (I hope to see you soon.)
beabsichtigen (to intend): Sie beabsichtigt, ein neues Auto zu kaufen. (She intends to buy a new car.)
vorhaben (to plan, to intend): Hast du vor, heute Abend auszugehen? (Do you plan to go out tonight?)
glauben (to believe): Ich glaube, ihn zu verstehen. (I believe I understand him.) *Note: This is often used with an assumption, not a firm belief.

Verbs Expressing Permission, Ability, and Opportunity

erlauben (to allow): Meine Eltern erlauben mir, ins Kino zu gehen. (My parents allow me to go to the cinema.)
verbieten (to forbid): Meine Eltern verbieten mir, lange aufzubleiben. (My parents forbid me to stay up late.)
können (to be able to): Ich kann gut schwimmen. (I can swim well.) *When used in the sense of "opportunity" or "possibility" with "zu".
gelegen sein (to have the opportunity): Es ist mir gelegen, Sie zu treffen. (I have the opportunity to meet you.)

Verbs Expressing Difficulty and Ease

scheinen (to seem): Es scheint, zu regnen. (It seems to be raining.)
helfen (to help): Er hilft mir, meine Hausaufgaben zu machen. (He helps me to do my homework.)
fallen (to fall): Es fällt mir schwer, Deutsch zu lernen. (I find it difficult to learn German.)
leichtfallen (to be easy): Es fällt mir leicht, neue Sprachen zu lernen. (I find it easy to learn new languages.)

Verbs Expressing Obligation, Need, and Necessity

brauchen (to need): Du brauchst nicht, das zu tun. (You don't need to do that.) *Typically used in the negative.
sein + zu + Infinitive (to be + to + Infinitive): Das ist zu erledigen. (That is to be done. – expressing necessity)
haben + zu + Infinitive (to have + to + Infinitive): Ich habe meine Hausaufgaben zu machen. (I have to do my homework. – expressing obligation)

Impersonal Verbs and Expressions

es ist wichtig (it is important): Es ist wichtig, pünktlich zu sein. (It is important to be on time.)
es ist möglich (it is possible): Es ist möglich, das Problem zu lösen. (It is possible to solve the problem.)
es ist nötig (it is necessary): Es ist nötig, mehr zu lernen. (It is necessary to learn more.)
es freut mich (I am happy): Es freut mich, dich kennenzulernen. (I am happy to meet you.)

Important Considerations

Separable Verbs: If the infinitive is a separable verb (e.g., ankommen - to arrive), the "zu" is inserted *between* the prefix and the verb stem. Example: Ich plane, früh anzukommen. (I plan to arrive early.)
Perfect Tense: The "zu + Infinitiv" construction *does not* change the perfect tense formation of the main verb. The perfect tense is formed as usual with "haben" or "sein" and the past participle of the main verb.
Word Order: The infinitive clause with "zu" typically comes at the end of the sentence or clause, especially in subordinate clauses.
Passive Voice: The "sein + zu + Infinitiv" construction can also be used to express passive voice. For example: Das Problem ist zu lösen (The problem is to be solved/can be solved).

Tips for Learning and Using "Zu + Infinitiv"

Start with the Common Verbs: Focus on mastering the verbs listed above. They form the foundation for understanding and using this construction effectively.
Practice with Examples: Create your own sentences using the verbs you are learning. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Read and Listen Actively: Pay attention to how native speakers use "zu + Infinitiv" in written and spoken German. Note down new verbs and phrases that you encounter.
Use a Dictionary and Grammar Resources: Consult a good German dictionary and grammar book to clarify any doubts or questions you may have.
Don't Be Afraid to Make Mistakes: Errors are a natural part of the learning process. Learn from your mistakes and keep practicing!

Why a PDF List Might Not Be Enough

While a PDF list of verbs that take "zu + Infinitiv" can be a helpful starting point, it's important to remember that it's not a complete solution. Here's why:

Context is Key: The verbs on the list may not *always* take "zu + Infinitiv." Usage depends on the specific context of the sentence.
Nuance and Meaning: A simple list doesn't explain the subtle differences in meaning that can arise when using "zu + Infinitiv" versus other grammatical structures.
Active Learning is More Effective: Memorizing a list without understanding how to use the verbs in context is unlikely to lead to fluency.

Conclusion

Mastering the "zu + Infinitiv" construction is a significant step towards achieving fluency in German. By understanding the underlying principles, learning common verbs, and practicing regularly, you can confidently use this grammatical structure to express yourself accurately and naturally. Don't rely solely on memorized lists; focus on understanding the context and meaning of the verbs you are learning. With consistent effort, you will find that "zu + Infinitiv" becomes an invaluable tool in your German language journey. Remember that the most efficient way to learn this is through dedicated practice and immersing yourself in the German language.