Weihnachten Wie Es Früher War Gedicht

Weihnachten, wie es früher war, meaning "Christmas as it used to be," often evokes a sense of nostalgia and longing for simpler times in Germany. While modern Christmas celebrations are a blend of tradition and contemporary influences, understanding the historical context can offer a richer appreciation for the holiday and its significance. This article explores the key aspects of traditional German Christmas celebrations, focusing on the customs, rituals, and sentiments reflected in poetry (Gedicht) and other cultural expressions.

The Advent Season: Preparation and Anticipation

The Advent season, the four weeks leading up to Christmas, is a crucial period of preparation and anticipation. Advent, derived from the Latin word adventus meaning "coming," marks the arrival of Christ. This period was, and often still is, characterized by a more introspective and reflective mood than the often-frenzied commercialism of modern Christmas. A key element is the Adventskranz, or Advent wreath, traditionally made of evergreen branches and adorned with four candles. One candle is lit each Sunday leading up to Christmas. In earlier times, these were simply candles; nowadays, electric candles are often used for safety.

Children would traditionally open a window or door of their Adventskalender each day, revealing a small picture or treat. The Advent calendar helped mark the passing of time and build excitement for Christmas Eve. The calendar often depicts religious scenes, reflecting the religious significance of the season.

Families engaged in activities like baking Weihnachtsplätzchen (Christmas cookies), decorating the house, and preparing handmade gifts. These activities were seen as a way to create a festive atmosphere and involve everyone in the preparations. The aroma of spices like cinnamon, cloves, and anise filled homes, creating a sensory experience associated with the holiday.

Sankt Nikolaus and Krampus

The celebration of Sankt Nikolaus (Saint Nicholas) on December 6th is a separate but related tradition. On the evening of December 5th, children would clean their boots and place them outside their doors, hoping that Sankt Nikolaus would fill them with sweets, nuts, and small gifts if they had been good. Nikolaus, often depicted with a long white beard, a bishop's mitre, and a staff, visits children to reward good behavior.

However, Sankt Nikolaus often has a companion, Krampus. Krampus is a mythical creature, often depicted as a demonic figure with horns, fur, and chains. He is said to punish naughty children. The Krampus tradition varies regionally, with some areas featuring Krampus parades where people dress up as the creature and roam the streets.

In earlier times, the Krampus tradition was seen as a way to instill discipline and encourage good behavior in children. The fear of Krampus served as a deterrent, especially in rural communities.

Heiligabend (Christmas Eve): The Heart of the Celebration

Heiligabend, or Christmas Eve, is the most important day of the German Christmas celebration. In contrast to some other cultures where Christmas Day is the main event, German families traditionally gather on Christmas Eve for the main celebration. The day is often spent preparing the Christmas meal, decorating the Tannenbaum (Christmas tree), and attending a church service.

The Christmas tree is typically decorated with ornaments, candles (nowadays often electric), tinsel, and a star on top. The tradition of the Christmas tree dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes eternal life. The lights symbolize Christ as the light of the world.

In many families, the Bescherung, or gift-giving, takes place on Christmas Eve. Before the gifts are opened, families often sing Christmas carols and read the Christmas story from the Bible. The Bescherung is a time of joy and excitement, as children eagerly anticipate opening their presents.

The Christmas Eve meal varies depending on regional traditions and family preferences. Popular choices include roast goose, roast duck, carp, or sausages with potato salad. The meal is a time for families to come together and share a special moment.

Weihnachtsgedichte (Christmas Poems): Expressing Sentiments

Weihnachtsgedichte (Christmas poems) play a significant role in the German Christmas tradition. These poems often express feelings of nostalgia, piety, love, and hope. They are frequently recited during family gatherings on Christmas Eve, adding a layer of depth and meaning to the celebration.

Many popular German Christmas poems focus on themes of peace, goodwill, and the importance of family. Some are religious in nature, focusing on the birth of Christ and the meaning of Christmas. Others are more secular, focusing on the joy and wonder of the season.

One example of a classic German Christmas poem is "Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her" ("From Heaven above to Earth I come") by Martin Luther. This hymn, written in the 16th century, is still sung today and is a powerful expression of the religious significance of Christmas. Another popular poem is "Knecht Ruprecht" by Theodor Storm, depicting the companion of St. Nikolaus.

The recitation of Christmas poems is a way to connect with the past and to share the traditions of the season with younger generations. It is a time to reflect on the meaning of Christmas and to appreciate the blessings in one's life.

Christmas Markets: A Festive Tradition

Weihnachtsmärkte (Christmas markets) are an integral part of the German Christmas experience. These markets, typically held in town squares throughout Advent, offer a wide array of festive goods, food, and drink. Visitors can browse stalls selling handmade crafts, Christmas ornaments, toys, and regional specialties.

The aroma of roasted almonds, gingerbread, and Glühwein (mulled wine) fills the air, creating a sensory experience that is uniquely associated with German Christmas markets. Glühwein is a particularly popular drink, offering warmth and cheer on cold winter evenings. The markets create a space where people can socialize, celebrate the season, and find unique gifts for loved ones.

Traditionally, German Christmas markets were primarily places to buy goods needed for the holidays. However, over time, they have evolved into social gatherings where friends and families can come together to enjoy the festive atmosphere. Many markets feature live music, carol singing, and other entertainment.

Regional Variations

German Christmas traditions vary significantly from region to region. In some areas, specific saints or figures are more prominent than others. For example, in some parts of Bavaria, the Christkind, a mythical figure resembling an angel, is believed to bring the gifts instead of Sankt Nikolaus. The Christkind is often depicted as a young girl with golden hair and wings.

Culinary traditions also vary regionally. In some areas, roast goose is the traditional Christmas meal, while in others, carp or sausages are more common. Different regions also have their own unique Christmas cookies and sweets.

Understanding these regional variations can provide a deeper appreciation for the diversity of German Christmas traditions. It is important to remember that there is no single "correct" way to celebrate Christmas in Germany. Each region and each family has its own unique traditions and customs.

The Enduring Spirit of Weihnachten Wie Es Früher War

While modern Christmas celebrations in Germany have undoubtedly evolved, the enduring spirit of Weihnachten, wie es früher war continues to resonate. The emphasis on family, tradition, and religious reflection remains strong. The traditions of Advent wreaths, Advent calendars, Christmas markets, Christmas poems, and the celebration of Christmas Eve all contribute to a rich and meaningful holiday experience.

By understanding the historical context and the cultural significance of these traditions, newcomers and expats can gain a deeper appreciation for the German Christmas experience. While commercialism has undeniably crept into the celebration, many families still strive to maintain the traditions and values that have made German Christmas so special for generations. The desire to create a warm, loving, and meaningful celebration for family and friends remains at the heart of the German Christmas spirit. Even now, the echoes of Weihnachten, wie es früher war, can be heard in the carols, the poems, and the shared moments of joy and togetherness that define the holiday season. The values of reflection, giving, and togetherness still underscore a celebration of peace, hope, and love. It is about the warmth shared inside while the winter rages outside, a time to step away from the modern world and be with loved ones.