Wann Bekommt Man Einen Wohnberechtigungsschein

Willkommen in Deutschland! Planning a stay, whether it's for a short visit, a longer exploration, or even the beginning of a new chapter, can be exciting. But navigating the German bureaucracy can sometimes feel like a challenge. One term you might stumble upon is "Wohnberechtigungsschein" (WBS). Let’s demystify this document and clarify when you might need it – or, more likely, when you don't – especially if you're a tourist, expat on a short-term assignment, or planning a temporary stay.

Was ist ein Wohnberechtigungsschein (WBS)?

The Wohnberechtigungsschein, often shortened to WBS, translates roughly to "housing entitlement certificate." It's a document that entitles individuals or families with a low income to rent subsidized housing. This housing, known as "Sozialwohnung" (social housing), is offered at a lower rent than comparable market-rate apartments. The government subsidizes the difference, making affordable housing accessible to those who need it most. Think of it as a government assistance program specifically geared towards housing.

Wer braucht einen WBS? (Who Needs a WBS?)

This is the crucial question! And the good news for most tourists, short-term visitors, and many expats on shorter assignments is: You most likely *don't* need a WBS. The WBS is primarily intended for:

• Permanent residents of Germany: Those who are registered as residents ("gemeldet") and intend to stay in Germany long-term.
• Individuals and families with low incomes: The income limits vary depending on the state ("Bundesland") and the size of the household.
• People who are looking for long-term housing: The WBS is only relevant if you plan to rent an apartment for an extended period, usually several years.

If you're in Germany for a vacation, a language course, a short-term work project (a few months), or are generally not planning on establishing permanent residency, the WBS is not something you need to worry about. You'll be looking at renting apartments on the open market, through platforms like Airbnb, ImmoScout24, or through private landlords. These rentals do not require a WBS.

Warum brauchen Touristen, Kurzzeitbesucher und viele Expat keinen WBS?

There are several reasons why a WBS is usually irrelevant for short-term stays:

• Short-term rentals: Tourists and short-term visitors typically stay in hotels, guesthouses, serviced apartments, or rent apartments through platforms designed for short-term stays. These options are not considered social housing and don't require a WBS.
• Registration requirement: Obtaining a WBS requires you to be officially registered as a resident ("gemeldet") at a German address. This registration process takes time and requires proof of long-term residency, which tourists and short-term visitors typically don't have.
• Income requirements: Even if you were to register, you'd still need to meet the income requirements. If you're working in Germany on a well-paying short-term assignment, your income might exceed the limits for WBS eligibility.
• Language and bureaucracy: The application process for a WBS is in German and involves navigating German bureaucracy. This can be challenging for those who don't speak German fluently or are unfamiliar with the system.
• Availability: Even if you were eligible, social housing is in high demand, especially in larger cities. It can take a significant amount of time to find a suitable apartment with a WBS. For a short-term stay, this simply isn't practical.

Wann könnte ein WBS relevant sein (für bestimmte Expat-Situationen)?

While generally not needed, there are a few specific expat situations where a WBS *might* become relevant, though still unlikely in the early stages of relocation:

• Long-term relocation with a lower income: If you're planning to permanently relocate to Germany, have a limited income, and are looking for long-term, affordable housing, then a WBS could be an option to explore *after* you've established residency. This typically involves getting a long-term visa, registering your address, and proving your income.
• Specific visa types: Some visa types, particularly those related to certain types of employment or training, might require you to demonstrate that you have secured suitable accommodation. While a WBS is *not* mandatory for these visas, it *could* be considered a factor if you're aiming to demonstrate your ability to integrate and secure housing with limited resources.

Even in these cases, it's usually advisable to initially secure temporary accommodation through the open market and then explore WBS options once you've settled in and are familiar with the local regulations and housing market.

Wie beantragt man einen WBS (nur für langfristige Aufenthalte!)?

If you believe you might be eligible for a WBS and are planning a long-term stay in Germany, here's a general overview of the application process:

1. Determine your eligibility: Check the income limits for your state and household size. These limits are published by the respective state authorities ("Landesbehörde").
2. Gather the required documents: You'll typically need:
   • Proof of identity (passport or ID card)
   • Proof of residency registration ("Meldebescheinigung")
   • Proof of income (salary slips, tax returns, etc.)
   • Marriage certificate (if applicable)
   • Birth certificates of children (if applicable)
   • Other documents as required by the local housing authority ("Wohnungsamt")
3. Contact the local housing authority ("Wohnungsamt"): This is the office responsible for issuing WBS. You can usually find their contact information online or through the local city hall ("Rathaus").
4. Fill out the application form: The application form is in German and can usually be downloaded from the housing authority's website or obtained in person.
5. Submit the application: Submit the completed application form and all required documents to the housing authority.
6. Wait for a decision: The processing time can vary, so be prepared to wait several weeks or even months.

Important Note: The specific requirements and procedures can vary depending on the state and even the city or town. It's always best to contact the local housing authority directly for the most up-to-date information.

Alternativen zum WBS für Kurzzeitbesucher und Expat

Since the WBS is generally not relevant for tourists, short-term visitors, and many expats, here are some alternative housing options to consider:

• Hotels: A convenient option for very short stays.
• Guesthouses ("Pensionen"): Often more affordable than hotels.
• Serviced Apartments: Offer more space and amenities than hotels, ideal for slightly longer stays.
• Airbnb: A popular platform for finding apartments and rooms for rent. Be sure to check reviews and understand the cancellation policies.
• ImmoScout24, Immowelt, and similar platforms: These are the main platforms for finding apartments and houses in Germany. However, they primarily cater to long-term rentals. Look for listings that explicitly mention "Zwischenmiete" (subletting) or furnished apartments for a shorter period.
• Expat Relocation Agencies: These agencies can help you find accommodation and navigate other aspects of settling in. They often have access to properties not available on the open market.
• Corporate Housing: If you're in Germany on a corporate assignment, your company might provide corporate housing.
• Shared Apartments ("Wohngemeinschaften" - WGs): A more affordable option, especially for younger people. Websites like WG-Gesucht.de are popular for finding WG rooms.

Fazit

In most cases, as a tourist, short-term visitor, or expat on a temporary assignment, you won't need a Wohnberechtigungsschein. Focus on exploring the various short-term rental options available and enjoy your time in Germany. The WBS is primarily relevant for individuals and families planning a long-term stay with limited income. However, if you believe you might be eligible due to specific circumstances, contact the local housing authority after you've secured residency and understand the requirements for your specific location. Enjoy your stay in Germany!